The Golden Gate Bridge Essay - 3030 Words

The Golden Gate Bridge Since the dawn of time, man has had an inherent need to get to the other side. Rivers, canyons, and impassable trails have always hindered the migration of man, leaving him the choice to continue no further, or to â€Å"build a bridge and get over it.† The earliest bridges were made of simple materials such as stone, or even a fallen log. Regardless of the material, natural bridges allowed man to explore the â€Å"other side.† However, man has never been satisfied with what nature gives him. Over time, man developed the ability to construct his own bridges in order to create a shortcut across an otherwise impassable obstacle. The first man-made bridges consisted of wooden beams or stone arches. With each†¦show more content†¦The Golden Gate Bridge broke span records and set new safety standards in the bridge building community. Although architects and engineers designed a safe structure, various improvements such as a lighter deck and reinforced steel t russes have been added over the years. The Golden Gate Bridge, in all its glory, is a true structural wonder for both its size and artistic design. Although actual construction began in January of 1933, the idea for the Golden Gate Bridge began back in 1872. At that time, railroad entrepreneur Charles Crocker envisioned bridging the gap across the entrance to San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean. The idea was deemed unfeasible at the time and was put to rest until 1916, when James Wilkins, a newspaper editor, began to heavily promote the idea of building a bridge across the Golden Gate Strait. This time the proposal caught the attention of various bridge engineers in the area. The initial response was that the bridge would be difficult to build and cost in excess of 100 million dollars. Joseph Baermann Strauss stepped in with his proposal that, not only could the bridge be built, but construction would cost less than thirty million dollars. He even believed that tolls would soon pay for the expenses. On June 28, 1921 Strauss submitted his plan to build the Golden Gate Bridge for twenty seven million dollars. While th e City of San Francisco needed the bridge to accommodate the rapid population boom, it lacked the funds toShow MoreRelatedThe Golden Gate Bridge: An Overview672 Words   |  3 PagesThe Golden Gate Bridge The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge; it is one of the longest bridges in the world, an influential and graceful human structure in an evenly gorgeous natural site, built between the city of San Francisco on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula and Sausalito on the south-facing Marin County headlands. The construction of the bridge started on January 5, 1933 under the support of the Works Projects Administration (WPA), a program commenced by Franklin DelanoRead MoreThe Golden Gate Bridge Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe Golden Gate Bridge is â€Å"considered to be one of the best and most beautiful examples of bridge design† (Poel and Royakkers 110). Unfortunately, this bridge is also the USs most popular place to commit suicide (110). Due to this fact, bridge designers decided that they needed to consider the option of installing some sort of suicide prevention system. Before any decision was made, the ramifications of both implementing a system and not implementing one had to be considered. Deciding whetherRead MoreThe History of the Golden Gate Bridge Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesacross the San Francisco Bay stands the world famous Golden Gate Bridge. The bridge is located in one of nature’s most beautiful settings, spanning the mile-wide bay from Fort Point in San Francisco to the Marin County Shore. Joseph Strauss, specializing in bridge building, was the leader of the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge. The start of construction began on January 5, 1993 and, after four years, was completed on April 27, 1997. The bridge was needed to be built because of the growing populationRead MoreDriving Across The Golden Gate Bridge972 Words   |  4 Pages Driving across the golden gate bridge is a sight to see. We ll it is a site o see if you can see through the layers of thick fog and if your car sat up high enough you could see out over the bridge. The air was not freezing, but there was a chill in the breeze that gave me goose bumps. Driving down crooked roads, and eating the sourdough bread instead of the soup inside it are special memories. It was a few days in San Francisco last summer that gave me a love for somewhere other than home. BeingRead MoreAn Engineered Wonder of the World800 Words   |  4 PagesEngineered Wonder of the World This bridge needs neither praise, eulogy nor encomium. It speaks for itself. We who have labored long are grateful. What Nature rent asunder long ago, man has joined today. This is a quote from Joseph Strauss, the engineer that designed the Golden Gate Bridge. The Golden Gate Bridge is truly a piece of engineering excellence. It stretches for almost 9,000 feet over the San Francisco Bay, in San Francisco, California. The bridge has faced many problems during the designingRead MoreSuicide Is An Issue Among The Human Species1389 Words   |  6 Pageshave been recorded on some landmarks; one, in particular, is the Golden Gate Bridge. Some choose this bridge to do the unthinkable and jump off to end their lives. Due to the threat of deaths occurring on the bridge, some have proposed adding precautionary measures to prevent the deaths. The idea of putting up railing or fencing was a possibility mentioned to make the Golden Gate Bridge suicide proof. However, the Golden Gate Bridge s hould not be made suicide proof. It lacks the ability to stopRead MoreThe Death Of Dying Is Never Lovely1173 Words   |  5 Pagesessay, â€Å"Don’t Jump†, the mania from the sensation of her dropping from a precipice. The fall would have resulted in certain death if not for the attached cable halting her torso, SPLAT! Suggesting in the essay, â€Å"That jumping-off San Francisco’s Golden Gate Bridge would be a lovely way to go† (Roach, 2001). There are people that are desperate in life and choose this picturesque setting; the beauty of protruding boulders stippled within the grass covered hills; the silhouette of San Francisco pasted againstRead MoreAnthropology : An Intimate Ethnography733 Words   |  3 Pagesover to babysit the Larson’s children, she would no longer see him. When we had dinner at the Larson’s, he would no longer be there. It wasn’t until I was older, that I had learned that Dean Larson had committed suicide off the Golden Gate Bridge. The Golden Gate Bridge is magnificent and iconic, but also belies the fact that â€Å"one person every three days,† jumps to their death from this world renowned landmark (O’Conner). As a citizen of San Francisco it’s hard to see people from all over theRead MoreTaking a Look at the Suspension Bridge663 Words   |  3 PagesThe suspension bridge is a very popular type of bridge all over the world. It’s hard to build but can be built in a lot more places than an arch or beam bridge. Scientists do not know when it was invented. They believe it was near the 15th century. Whom it was invented by is also unknown. A suspension bridge can span distances from 2,000 to 7,000 feet, longer than any other type of bridge in the world. It is a very unique bridge. A suspension bridge is a bridge with the weight of the deck supportedRead MorePursuit of Happyness: Narrative Essay835 Words   |  4 Pagesclearly. As from the start it shows where the setting of the movie because its has a caption from the start; San Francisco 1981. To this caption I know that the setting was from San Francisco. Also, I saw the San Francisco Golden Gate Bridge from the background. I saw the bridge from the scene when Chris and his son was taking question at each other. One of Chris questions to his son was, Who is the king of the jungle? Then, his son answered gorilla, but Chris said its a lion. Then, afterwards his

Animal Farm Study Guide Overview - 1995 Words

ames Soria Mrs.McFarlin Hon comp/lit 17 September 2015 Animal Farm Study Guide 1. Lenin was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the head of the government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1917 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death. Lenin came to power in 1917. Lenin engineered the Bolshevik revolution in Russia in 1917 and later took over as the first leader of the newly formed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). 2. Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. His rule had lasted for more than two decades. During his rule he did help on getting rid of the Nazism, even though he had put his own people in dark times.†¦show more content†¦Capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by a state. 5. Communism is a social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money, and the state. 6. Totalitarianism is a political system in which the state holds total control over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever possible 7. (resources from www.nybooks.com) There has been no justified evidence on who was more evil Stalin or Hitler. Let us exam their story in detail. Hitler became a ruler in Germany and wanted to rebuild Germany from their loss in World War Two. He had blame the loss of World War Two on the Jews and even then he didn’t have any evidence on why. So he began on mass genocide on the Jews and killed everyone that opposed him, in total was about 11 million. Stalin was a dictator in Russia and had killed around 21 million of his own people because he decided to rush the industrialization of Russia and also increase the agriculture but even then his own people had die to famine. Some people believe that Stalin was more evil or that Hitler was more evil. When Hitler was in power everybody knew and it had been marked in history as a dark moment in history. Most people

The Meaning and Origin of the Last Name Thomas

Some of the most common names from the Middle Ages tend to come from religious backgrounds such as biblical texts and the names of saints.  Other names have come from the language spoken at the time. For example, Bennett is Latin and means blessed while Godwin comes from English and means good friend.  Along with vernacular language, some medieval surnames have been based on a job or where the person lived, and many of these names still exist today. For instance, the last name Baker could come from a family who had a maker of bread while the last name Fisher involved someone who was a catcher of fish. Patronymic Origin of Thomas Derived from a popular medieval first name, Thomas comes from the Aramaic term t’om’a, for twin. The Thomas surname is of patronymic origin, based on the first name of the father, meaning son of Thomas, much like Thomason.  The first letter of the name Thomas was originally the Greek theta which accounts for the common TH spelling. Thomas is the 14th most popular surname in the United States and the 9th most common in England. Thomas is also the third most common surname in France  and its surname origin is of Welsh and English descent. Alternate Surname Spellings If you have one of the following surnames, it may be counted as an alternative spelling to Thomas with similar origin and meaning: TomasThomasonTomasonTommasiTomaThomThomaThummThomeTomaschekTomichKhomichThomasson Famous People With the Surname Clarence Thomas: U.S. Supreme Court JusticeDylan Thomas:  Welsh poetKristin Scott Thomas:  British-born French actressDanny Thomas:  American comedian, producer, and actorM. Carey Thomas: Pioneer in womens educationDebi Thomas: Olympic figure skater; first African-American to win a medal at the Winter OlympicsJamie Thomas: Pro skateboarderIsiah Thomas: American basketball player and coach Genealogy Resources 100 Most Common US Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Thomas Surname DNA StudyThe objectives of the Thomas project are to use Y-DNA to find connections between Thomas lines and to hopefully determine the countries of origin of these various families. All Thomas males are welcome to participate. Thomas Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Thomas surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Thomas query. FamilySearch - THOMAS GenealogyExplore over 14 million historical records, lineage-linked family trees, and other results posted for the Thomas surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website. References: Surname Meanings and Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Analysis Of Meursault A Stranger To Society - 1026 Words

Meursault, a man living in Algiers, takes a bus to Marengo to attend his mother’s funeral after receiving a telegram. After the funeral, he seems unaffected by her death and he briefly describes his outing with Marie, his co-worker. Later on, he meets Raymond, an abuser of women, and agrees to go with him to his friend’s beach house. There, he gets entangled in a ruthless murder, and is ultimately sentenced to death. During his last hours, Meursault realizes how meaningless and pointless life is and accepts his fate- wishing only that the crowds would scream their hate for him on the day of his execution. Albert Camus accurately depicts Meursault as a stranger to society, to himself, and to human emotions in general, while arguing for the†¦show more content†¦After Meursault’s arrest, he is confronted by the examining magistrate. â€Å"The magistrate ran his hands across his forehead and repeated his question with a slightly different tone in his voice. â€Å"Why? You must tell me. Why? Still I didn’t say anything† (Camus 68). Meursault refuses to answer the magistrate’s pressing question. Through Meursault’s honest thoughts and responses to other people’s accusing question, Camus reinforces the theme of searching for rational order, the main idea of absurdism. Meursault has no desire to explain his reason or motivation for his actions the day he shot a man he never knew five times, except for â€Å"it was because of the sun† (Camus 103). At the end of the book, and at the start of his awakening, Meursault struggles to contain his uncharacteristic illusions of joy. â€Å"The trouble was that I somehow have to cool the hot blood that would suddenly surge through my body and sting my eyes with a delirious joy. It would take all my strength to quiet my heart, to be rational† (Camus 114). Slowly decaying is the calm, withdrawn man; he is now on the verge of breaking the wall between a sleep-like way of living and awareness of the meaninglessness of reality. He was unable to make a decision for himself without wandering wherever life takes him, but then he â€Å"snapped† and roared at the chaplain with a raging joy that can only be contributed to his realization of freedom. By the same token, Meursault is a stranger toShow MoreRelatedAlberts Aimless Absurdity898 Words   |  4 PagesIn Albert Camus’ novella, The Stranger, he exposes his beliefs on absurdism through the narration of Meursault. Camus’ definition of absurdism is a philosophy based on the belief that the universe is illogical and meaningless. Camus, founder of absurdism and French Nobel Prize winning author, sends the reader his underlying theme that life is meaningless and has no ulti-mate significance. This underlying theme of life’s absurdity is extremely personal to Camus through his own individual experiencesRead MoreEssay On The Stranger1010 Words   |  5 Pages The Stranger Essay The Stranger by Albert Camus is an analysis of the human psychosis if it was isolated and apathetic. Throughout the story, our protagonist, Meursault, tells the story of his life after his mother’s death and his experiences with everyday routines. Meursault explains to the reader only the surface of what he is feeling; despite that, as a reader, one is able to view his mind directly and closely. Meursault has all the power in this book because it is his life and mind. He is ableRead MoreLiterary Analysis: How Meursault Is Indifferent in the Stranger, by Albert Camus874 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary analysis: How Meursault is indifferent in The Stranger, by Albert Camus Although Meursault is the title character and narrator of Albert Camus’ short novel The Stranger, he is also a somewhat flat character. His apparent indifferent demeanor may be a convenience to Camus, who mainly wanted to display his ideas of absurdism. And as a flat character, Meursault is not fully delineated: he lacks deep thought and significant change. His purpose is that of a first-person narrator whose actionsRead More The Stranger Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesWhile reading The Stranger I noticed that traits that Albert Camus character depicts in the book are closely related to the theories of Sigmund Freud on moral human behavior. Albert Camus portrays his character of Meursault as a numb, emotionless person that seems to mindlessly play out his role in society, acting in a manner that he sees as the way he’s supposed to act, always living in the moment with his instincts driving him, and if the right circumstance presents itself the primal deep seededRead M oreThe Individual Versus His Environment in The Stranger and Grendel1674 Words   |  7 Pages The Individual Versus His Environment in The Stranger and Grendel Due to the multifaceted nature of literature, analysis thereof is prone to generalization. One of the most grievous generalizations oft encountered involves failing to distinguish between a character and the novel it inhabits. Take John Gardener’s Grendel and Albert Camus’s The Stranger, for instance. It’s far too easy, when analyzing for dominant ideologies, to slap them both with the label of existentialism and be done withRead MoreCrime and Punishment vs. The Stranger1438 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the novels Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky and The Stranger by Albert Camus, sun, heat, and light play a significant role in the development and understanding of the novel and the characters in it. Upon the initial reading of The Stranger, the reader may have a general acknowledgment of a relationship between the novel’s protagonist, Mersault, and the sun and heat, either proceeding or following one of the novels significant events. What is h arder to understand on the first readRead MoreThe Stranger By Albert Camus Essay1546 Words   |  7 Pagesraises a question, but leaves it up to the reader to determine the answer. The Stranger by Albert Camus is an excellent example of how a central question, â€Å"Is there value and meaning to human life?† is raised and left unanswered, resulting in different interpretations of the answer, depending on the viewpoint of the reader. Although the question is never explicitly answered, Camus offers perspectives on what French society regarded the answers to be, such as connections with others, elusion to freedomRead More Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): Reader Response Criticism2226 Words   |  9 PagesReader Response Criticism to Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider)  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In The Stranger (The Outsider), Albert Camus anticipates an active reader that will react to his text. He wants the reader to form a changing, dynamic opinion of Meursault. The reader can create a consciousness for Meursault from the facts that Meursault reports. By using vague and ambiguous language, Camus stimulates the reader to explore all possibilities of meaning. Camus also intends to shock the reader into rereadingRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Stranger 2900 Words   |  12 Pages Curtis Poindexter Professor Slattum English M01B 11 December 2014 Literary Analysis: The Stranger The novel The Stranger is a first-person account of the life of M. Meursault from the time of his mother s death up to a time evidently just before his execution for the murder of an Arab. It was written by Albert Camus in 1942. Meursault however, is not your typical hero of a story; rather an antihero. He is neither good nor bad, and harbors no emotion. He goes through his life with a preconceivedRead MoreThe Existential Movement Of The Stranger Essay1966 Words   |  8 Pagesvalued authenticity and created a sort of absurdity to the society they lived in. Therefore, this struggle to grasp the meaning of life can be seen through an existential light in many novels with authors such as Camus. In Camus’s novel The Stranger, Camus explores the existential ideas of absurdity and authenticity through the actions and ideas of the main character Meursault. Existentialism is the main theme of Camus’s novel The Stranger, which relies heavily on absurdist ideas to assess the meaning

Part Two Chapter IX Free Essays

IX ‘And where are you going?’ asked Simon, planting himself squarely in the middle of the tiny hall. The front door was open, and the glass porch behind him, full of shoes and coats, was blinding in the bright Saturday morning sun, turning Simon into a silhouette. His shadow rippled up the stairs, just touching the one on which Andrew stood. We will write a custom essay sample on Part Two Chapter IX or any similar topic only for you Order Now ‘Into town with Fats.’ ‘Homework all finished, is it?’ ‘Yeah.’ It was a lie; but Simon would not bother to check. ‘Ruth? Ruth!’ She appeared at the kitchen door, wearing an apron, flushed, with her hands covered in flour. ‘What?’ ‘Do we need anything from town?’ ‘What? No, I don’t think so.’ ‘Taking my bike, are you?’ demanded Simon of Andrew. ‘Yeah, I was going to – ‘ ‘Leaving it at Fats’ house?’ ‘Yeah.’ ‘What time do we want him back?’ Simon asked, turning to Ruth again. ‘Oh, I don’t know, Si,’ said Ruth impatiently. The furthest she ever went in irritation with her husband was on occasions when Simon, though basically in a good mood, started laying down the law for the fun of it. Andrew and Fats often went into town together, on the vague understanding that Andrew would return before it became dark. ‘Five o’clock, then,’ said Simon arbitrarily. ‘Any later and you’re grounded.’ ‘Fine,’ Andrew replied. He kept his right hand in his jacket pocket, clenched over a tightly folded wad of paper, intensely aware of it, like a ticking grenade. The fear of losing this piece of paper, on which was inscribed a line of meticulously written code, and a number of crossed-out, reworked and heavily edited sentences, had been plaguing him for a week. He had been keeping it on him at all times, and sleeping with it inside his pillowcase. Simon barely moved aside, so that Andrew had to edge past him into the porch, his fingers clamped over the paper. He was terrified that Simon would demand that he turn out his pockets, ostensibly looking for cigarettes. ‘Bye, then.’ Simon did not answer. Andrew proceeded into the garage, where he took out the note, unfolded it and read it. He knew that he was being irrational, that mere proximity to Simon could not have magically switched the papers, but still he made sure. Satisfied that all was safe, he refolded it, tucked it deeper into his pocket, which fastened with a stud, then wheeled the racing bike out of the garage and down through the gate into the lane. He could tell that his father was watching him through the glass door of the porch, hoping, Andrew was sure, to see him fall off or mistreat the bicycle in some way. Pagford lay below Andrew, slightly hazy in the cool spring sun, the air fresh and tangy. Andrew sensed the point at which Simon’s eyes could no longer follow him; it felt as though pressure had been removed from his back. Down the hill into Pagford he streaked, not touching the brakes; then he turned into Church Row. Approximately halfway along the street he slowed down and cycled decorously into the drive of the Walls’ house, taking care to avoid Cubby’s car. ‘Hello, Andy,’ said Tessa, opening the front door to him. ‘Hi, Mrs Wall.’ Andrew accepted the convention that Fats’ parents were laughable. Tessa was plump and plain, her hairstyle was odd and her dress sense embarrassing, while Cubby was comically uptight; yet Andrew could not help but suspect that if the Walls had been his parents, he might have been tempted to like them. They were so civilized, so courteous. You never had the feeling, in their house, that the floor might suddenly give way and plunge you into chaos. Fats was sitting on the bottom stair, putting on his trainers. A packet of loose tobacco was clearly visible, peeking out of the breast pocket of his jacket. ‘Arf.’ ‘Fats.’ ‘D’you want to leave your father’s bicycle in the garage, Andy?’ ‘Yeah, thanks, Mrs Wall.’ (She always, he reflected, said ‘your father’, never ‘your dad’. Andrew knew that Tessa detested Simon; it was one of the things that made him pleased to overlook the horrible shapeless clothes she wore, and the unflattering blunt-cut fringe. Her antipathy dated from that horrific epoch-making occasion, years and years before, when a six-year-old Fats had come to spend Saturday afternoon at Hilltop House for the first time. Balancing precariously on top of a box in the garage, trying to retrieve a couple of old badminton racquets, the two boys had accidentally knocked down the contents of a rickety shelf. Andrew remembered the tin of creosote falling, smashing onto the roof of the car and bursting open, and the terror that had engulfed him, and his inability to communicate to his giggling friend what they had brought upon themselves. Simon had heard the crash. He ran out to the garage and advanced on them with his jaw jutting, making his low, moaning animal noise, before starting to roar threats of dire physical punishment, his fists clenched inches from their small, upturned faces. Fats had wet himself. A stream of urine had spattered down the inside of his shorts onto the garage floor. Ruth, who had heard the yelling from the kitchen, had run from the house to intervene: ‘No, Si – Si, no – it was an accident.’ Fats was white and shaking; he wanted to go home straight away; he wanted his mum. Tessa had arrived, and Fats had run to her in his soaking shorts, sobbing. It was the only time in his life that Andrew had seen his father at a loss, backing down. Somehow Tessa had conveyed white-hot fury without raising her voice, without threatening, without hitting. She had written out a cheque and forced it into Simon’s hand, while Ruth said, ‘No, no, there’s no need, there’s no need.’ Simon had followed her to her car, trying to laugh it all off; but Tessa had given him a look of contempt while loading the still-sobbing Fats into the passenger seat, and slammed the driver’s door in Simon’s smiling face. Andrew had seen his parents’ expressions: Tessa was taking away with her, down the hill into the town, something that usually remained hidden in the house on top of the hill.) Fats courted Simon these days. Whenever he came up to Hilltop House, he went out of his way to make Simon laugh; and in return, Simon welcomed Fats’ visits, enjoyed his crudest jokes, liked hearing about his antics. Still, when alone with Andrew, Fats concurred wholeheartedly that Simon was a Grade A, 24-carat cunt. ‘I reckon she’s a lezzer,’ said Fats, as they walked past the Old Vicarage, dark in the shadow of the Scots pine, with ivy covering its front. ‘Your mum?’ asked Andrew, barely listening, lost in his own thoughts. ‘What?’ yelped Fats, and Andrew saw that he was genuinely outraged. ‘Fuck off! Sukhvinder Jawanda.’ ‘Oh, yeah. Right.’ Andrew laughed, and so, a beat later, did Fats. The bus into Yarvil was crowded; Andrew and Fats had to sit next to each other, rather than in two double seats, as they preferred. As they passed the end of Hope Street, Andrew glanced along it, but it was deserted. He had not run into Gaia outside school since the afternoon when they had both secured Saturday jobs at the Copper Kettle. The cafe would open the following weekend; he experienced waves of euphoria every time he thought of it. ‘Si-Pie’s election campaign on track, is it?’ asked Fats, busy making roll-ups. One long leg was stuck out at an angle into the aisle of the bus; people were stepping over it rather than asking him to move. ‘Cubby’s cacking it already, and he’s only making his pamphlet.’ ‘Yeah, he’s busy,’ said Andrew, and he bore without flinching a silent eruption of panic in the pit of his stomach. He thought of his parents at the kitchen table, as they had been, nightly, for the past week; of a box of stupid pamphlets Simon had had printed at work; of the list of talking points Ruth had helped Simon compile, which he used as he made telephone calls, every evening, to every person he knew within the electoral boundary. Simon did all of it with an air of immense effort. He was tightly wound at home, displaying heightened aggression towards his sons; he might have been shouldering a burden that they had shirked. The only topic of conversation at meals was the election, with Simon and Ruth speculating about the forces ranged against Simon. They took it very personally that other candidates were standing for Barry Fairbrother’s old seat, and seemed to assume that Colin Wall and Miles Mollison spent most of their time plotting together, staring up at Hilltop House, focused entirely on defeating the man who lived there. Andrew checked his pocket again for the folded paper. He had not told Fats what he intended to do. He was afraid that Fats might broadcast it; Andrew was not sure how to impress upon his friend the necessity for absolute secrecy, how to remind Fats that the maniac who had made little boys piss themselves was still alive and well, and living in Andrew’s house. ‘Cubby’s not too worried about Si-Pie,’ said Fats. ‘He thinks the big competition is Miles Mollison.’ ‘Yeah,’ said Andrew. He had heard his parents discussing it. Both of them seemed to think that Shirley had betrayed them; that she ought to have forbidden her son from challenging Simon. ‘This is a holy fucking crusade for Cubby, y’know,’ said Fats, rolling a cigarette between forefinger and thumb. ‘He’s picking up the regimental flag for his fallen comrade. Ole Barry Fairbrother.’ He poked strands of tobacco into the end of the roll-up with a match. ‘Miles Mollison’s wife’s got gigantic tits,’ said Fats. An elderly woman sitting in front of them turned her head to glare at Fats. Andrew began to laugh again. ‘Humungous bouncing jubblies,’ Fats said loudly, into the scowling, crumpled face. ‘Great big juicy double-F mams.’ She turned her red face slowly to face the front of the bus again. Andrew could barely breathe. They got off the bus in the middle of Yarvil, near the precinct and main pedestrian-only shopping street, and wove their way through the shoppers, smoking Fats’ roll-ups. Andrew had virtually no money left: Howard Mollison’s wages would be very welcome. The bright-orange sign of the internet cafe seemed to blaze at Andrew from a distance, beckoning him on. He could not concentrate on what Fats was saying. Are you going to? he kept asking himself. Are you going to? He did not know. His feet kept moving, and the sign was growing larger and larger, luring him, leering at him. If I find out you’ve breathed a word about what’s said in this house, I’ll skin you alive. But the alternative †¦ the humiliation of having Simon show what he was to the world; the toll it would take on the family when, after weeks of anticipation and idiocy, he was defeated, as he must be. Then would come rage and spite, and a determination to make everybody else pay for his own lunatic decisions. Only the previous evening Ruth had said brightly, ‘The boys will go through Pagford and post your pamphlets for you.’ Andrew had seen, in his peripheral vision, Paul’s look of horror and his attempt to make eye contact with his brother. ‘I wanna go in here,’ mumbled Andrew, turning right. They bought tickets with codes on them, and sat down at different computers, two occupied seats apart. The middle-aged man on Andrew’s right stank of body odour and old fags, and kept sniffing. Andrew logged onto the internet, and typed in the name of the website: Pagford †¦ Parish †¦ Council †¦ dot †¦ co †¦ dot †¦ uk †¦ The homepage bore the council arms in blue and white, and a picture of Pagford that had been taken from a point close to Hilltop House, with Pargetter Abbey silhouetted against the sky. The site, as Andrew already knew, from looking at it on a school computer, looked dated and amateurish. He had not dared go near it on his own laptop; his father might be immensely ignorant about the internet, but Andrew did not rule out the possibility that Simon might find somebody at work who could help him investigate, once the thing was done †¦ Even in this bustling anonymous place, there was no avoiding the fact that today’s date would be on the posting, or of pretending that he had not been in Yarvil when it happened; but Simon had never visited an internet cafe in his life, and might not be aware that they existed. The rapid contraction of Andrew’s heart was painful. Swiftly, he scrolled down the message board, which did not seem to enjoy a lot of traffic. There were threads entitled: refuse collection – a Query and school catchment areas in Crampton and Little manning? Every tenth entry or so was a posting from the Administrator, attaching Minutes of the Last Council Meeting. Right at the bottom of the page was a thread entitled: Death of Cllr Barry Fairbrother. This had received 152 views and forty-three responses. Then, on the second page of the message board, he found what he hoped to find: a post from the dead man. A couple of months previously, Andrew’s computing set had been supervised by a young supply teacher. He had been trying to look cool, trying to get the class onside. He shouldn’t have mentioned SQL injections at all, and Andrew was quite sure that he had not been the only one who went straight home and looked them up. He pulled out the piece of paper on which he had written the code he had researched in odd moments at school, and brought up the log-in page on the council website. Everything hinged on the premise that the site had been set up by an amateur a long time ago; that it had never been protected from the simplest of classical hacks. Carefully, using only his index finger, he input the magic line of characters. He read them through twice, making sure that every apostrophe was where it should be, hesitated for a second on the brink, his breathing shallow, then pressed return. He gasped, as gleeful as a small child, and had to fight the urge to shout out or punch the air. He had penetrated the tin-pot site at his first attempt. There, on the screen in front of him, were Barry Fairbrother’s user details: his name, his password, his entire profile. Andrew smoothed out the magic paper he had kept under his pillow all week, and set to work. Typing up his next paragraph, with its many crossings out and reworkings, was a much more laborious process. He had been trying for a style that was as impersonal and impenetrable as possible; for the dispassionate tone of a broadsheet journalist. Aspiring Parish Councillor Simon Price hopes to stand on a platform of cutting wasteful council spending. Mr Price is certainly no stranger to keeping down costs, and should be able to give the council the benefit of his many useful contacts. He saves money at home by furnishing it with stolen goods – most recently a PC – and he is the go-to man for any cut-price printing jobs that may need doing for cash, once senior management has gone home, at the Harcourt-Walsh Printworks. Andrew read the message through twice. He had been over it time and again in his mind. There were many accusations he could have levelled at Simon, but the court did not exist in which Andrew could have laid the real charges against his father, in which he would have presented as evidence memories of physical terror and ritual humiliation. All he had were the many petty infractions of the law of which he had heard Simon boast, and he had selected these two specific examples – the stolen computer and the out-of-hours printing jobs done on the sly – because both were firmly connected to Simon’s workplace. People at the printer’s knew that Simon did these things, and they could have talked to anybody: their friends, their families. His guts were juddering, the way they did when Simon truly lost control and laid about anyone within reach. Seeing his betrayal in black and white on the screen was terrifying. ‘What the fuck are you doing?’ asked Fats’ quiet voice in his ear. The stinking, middle-aged man had gone; Fats had moved up; he was reading what Andrew had written. ‘Fucking hell,’ said Fats. Andrew’s mouth was dry. His hand lay quiescent on the mouse. ‘How’d you get in?’ Fats whispered. ‘SQL injection,’ said Andrew. ‘It’s all on the net. Their security’s shit.’ Fats looked exhilarated; wildly impressed. Andrew was half pleased, half scared, by the reaction. ‘You’ve gotta keep this to – ‘ ‘Lemme do one about Cubby!’ ‘No!’ Andrew’s hand on the mouse skidded away from Fats’ reaching fingers. This ugly act of filial disloyalty had sprung from the primordial soup of anger, frustration and fear that had slopped inside him all his rational life, but he knew no better way to convey this to Fats than by saying, ‘I’m not just having a laugh.’ He read the message through a third time, then added a title to the message. He could feel Fats’ excitement beside him, as if they were having another porn session. Andrew was seized by a desire to impress further. ‘Look,’ he said, and he changed Barry’s username to The_Ghost_ of_Barry_Fairbrother. Fats laughed loudly. Andrew’s fingers twitched on the mouse. He rolled it sideways. Whether he would have gone through with it if Fats had not been watching, he would never know. With a single click, a new thread appeared at the top of the Pagford Parish Council message board: Simon Price Unfit to Stand for Council. Outside on the pavement, they faced each other, breathless with laughter, slightly overawed by what had happened. Then Andrew borrowed Fats’ matches, set fire to the piece of paper on which he had drafted the message, and watched it disintegrate into fragile black flakes, which drifted onto the dirty pavement and vanished under passing feet. How to cite Part Two Chapter IX, Essay examples

Biological Warfare Essay Research Paper Most of free essay sample

Biological Warfare Essay, Research Paper Most of the literature on the possible terrorist usage of arms of mass devastation has focused on atomic terrorist act. Scholars and the ordinary civilian are good cognizant of certain facets of atomic menace. On the contrary, relatively small information can be acknowledged in the public sing the possible usage of chemical agents or warfare. This has resulted in legion publications by professional bookmans on the topic of chemical terrorist act and why terrorist might fall back to such arms. How much do we truly have to cognize about this signifier of terrorist act? How realistic is # 8220 ; chemical terrorist act? # 8221 ; The first portion of the paper will supply an reply to the badness and reality of chemical terrorist act, utilizing a factual analysis and commentaries, on a state of affairs, which occurred in the Tokyo metro system. Furthermore, it will briefly advancement into the ruffling consequence that this crisis had on the remainder of the universe. The 2nd portion of the paper will explicate what factors or features of chemical terrorist act might tend terrorist, such as Aum Shinri Kyo, to their usage or menace of usage. In other words, why do some terrorist resort to chemical warfare? Furthermore, what are some of the major concerns that the universe faces in reaction to the proliferation of chemical terrorist act? Japan has long enjoyed the enviable repute of being one of the safest states in the universe. Harmonizing to the Nipponese Times, the state has one of universe # 8217 ; s lowest rates for slaying and other violent offenses. The Nipponese National Police Agency and local Police forces are frequently praised as a theoretical account of efficient jurisprudence enforcement. Furthermore, Tokyo enjoys one of the cleanest, safest and most adept metro webs in the universe. All that would alter on March 20, 1995. A incubus unfolded as the metropolis of Tokyo experienced one of the worst terrorist onslaughts of the century. This is what many considered to be the first true instance of the usage of chemical agents by terrorists in a major onslaught on civilians. Many of the riders found it strange that a adult male who got on at the last halt was have oning dark glassess, but shortly dismissed him, retrieving how safe the metros and their fatherland have ever been. Well, they were mistaken. By the clip anyone became leery, many people on the train were coughing. Those near adequate to see the bundle and the clear liquid oozing from it began experiencing dizzy and many were shed blooding from the olfactory organ and oral cavity. This was non the merely train auto to have such a unsafe bundle. This and four similar incidents took topographic point at about the same clip on three major lines of the Tokyo metro system ( Marunouchi, Chiyoda, and Hibiya ) on March 20, 1995. The five bundles were disguised to look like tiffin boxes or soda containers and it was reported that the chemical agent used was an impure or dilute solution of GB, a nervus agent developed by Nazi Germany during the # 8217 ; 30 # 8217 ; s. The consequence was 12 people dead and over five 1000s injured. The station where all the autos were garnering, Kasumigaseki, was located in the bosom of Tokyo # 8217 ; s authorities country, which is rather close to many ministries, and the National Police Agency Headquarters ( NPA ) . Thus, some observers came to reason that the onslaught was targeted at NPA officers. Furthermore, some observers obviously anticipated that the Tokyo onslaught was a # 8220 ; prelude # 8221 ; to the issue of demands by the felons ( the felon being unknown at the clip, but was subsequently proclaimed to be Aum Shinri Kyo ) . Kyle Olson told ABC Nightline: # 8221 ; My sense is that this group is either runing with motives we can non understand, or perchance hasn # 8217 ; t reached the point where they have made their large play. # 8221 ; Observers were besides surprised at the fact that the casualties were non great, given the toxicity of GB and the nature of the mark. Others suggested that the agent was merely impure. Possibly it was intentionally diluted for either the self-defense of the aggressors or to maintain the figure of human deaths low. About one month subsequently, on April 19th, more than 400 subway riders in Yokohama were sent to local infirmaries enduring from annoyed eyes, respiration jobs, and giddiness. In July, four more incidents occurred, regenerating fright throughout Japan. This was the beginning of a awful hereafter for the modern universe. # 8220 ; Organized and indiscriminate slaying # 8221 ; on a big graduated table was clearly possible and chemical arms were likely to be a terrorist # 8217 ; s vehicle for mass devastation. The menace of terrorist usage of chemical arms was now doing societal agitation and craze. The onslaught in Japan, Israeli terrorist act expert Yonah Alexander studies, # 8220 ; had planetary and local deductions. It was a quantum and surprising spring to terrorist act by mass destruction. # 8221 ; The bombardment of the Tokyo metro, at its least, had planetary deductions. In fact, it caused mass craze throughout the universe. The universe was evidently familiar with chemical arms as agencies of warfare, but they were non accustomed to a terrorist # 8217 ; s use of chemical arms to advance political orientation and/or radicalism. The onslaught on the Tokyo metro system had a major impact on the place forepart of Japan along with the international community. In its wake, Nipponese societal observers were quoted stating that # 8220 ; the onslaught had produced a national crisis and basically altered the temper of Nipponese basking in economic success and certain their society was free of the offense that curses the West. # 8221 ; The authorities instantly came under unfavorable judgment for holding failed to travel earlier against Aum Shinri Kyo or to work out the earlier instances of GB toxic condition. Subsequently that month, fright of a possible chemical onslaught led to t he mobilisation of up to 60,000 constabulary officers throughout Japan. Police probe and security steps drastically increased as the fright of terrorist action became more apparent. Everybody in the state was speaking about what was traveling, which in bend caused societal agitation and mundane fright. Japan # 8217 ; s crisis and fright created a concatenation reaction abroad. Security was tightened in subway systems in different metropoliss such as New York, Washington, Milan, Rome, and particularly the South Korean metropoliss, peculiarly, Seoul. Seoul thought every bit them as a mark because two yearss after the Tokyo onslaught, a similar inexperienced person occurred when 10 people were taken to a infirmary because of enigma exhausts from an office edifice. Thankfully, it turned out to be a backflow of C monoxide from a boiler room blowhole. Frenzy spread from the extremely, populated urban sector to the quiet, rural farms. Paranoia set into most states because terrorist organisations were importing chemicals to clandestine countries where they would so engineer and bring forth their arms. These reactions were merely inevitable, as guiltless civilians were faced with a universe crisis, neer cognizing who or what would strike following. Why did Aum Shinri Kyo resort to chemical terrorist act? In other words, through a terrorist # 8217 ; s eyes, what are the advantages of chemical warfare? An extended choice of chemical arms exhibiting peculiarity and ambiguity is the ground why this signifier of arms makes them favourable for terrorist usage. There are many more advantageous grounds for terrorists to utilize chemical arms instead than conventional 1s, and the disadvantages that do be look rather minute. In general it seems that the chemical arms may go a cardinal constituent in the terrorist armory. If this is the instance and chemical terrorist act is left unattended to, so the universe # 8217 ; s population may shortly be populating under a dark cloud of changeless fright: the fright being that any brainsick individual, terrorist, or militant group has the possible to perpetrate random Acts of the Apostless of barbarous mass slaying at a low cost and comparatively low degree of hazard to themselves. The usage of chemical agents proves to be really advantageous to the terrorists who use them. Physically and compositionally, chemical arms are alone, or in other words, exhibit qualities which conventional arms lack. Overall, they are intense and terrible arms. Other advantages include the limited capableness of anti-terrorist groups of observing such arms, the low cost and small engineering needed to develop chemical arms, and furthermore, their highly awful image and the overall efficiency of such arms. ( The followers will travel more in deepness ) One of the troubles, which has long plagued chemical warfare defence, is the deficiency of effectual sensing. Very few chemical warfare ( CW ) agents can be faithfully detected when in usage. Furthermore, these substances are virtually impossible to observe while being contained in a confined country. This deficiency of ability to observe CW agents makes it ideal to transport and hide due to their cloak-and-dagger composing and nature. Chemical arms have long been considered # 8220 ; the hapless adult male # 8217 ; s atomic bomb # 8221 ; due to their comparative low cost and easiness of being manufactured. This is supported by a group of experts who said # 8220 ; for a large-scale operation against a civilian population, casualties might be $ 2,000 per square kilometre with conventional arms, $ 800 with atomic arms, $ 600 with nerve-gas arms and $ 1 with biological weapons. # 8221 ; The statement that chemical arms were excessively hard for most terrorists to fabricate was discredited when a CIA study # 8220 ; concluded that cloak-and-dagger production of [ chemical and biological arms ] for multiple casualty onslaughts raises no greater proficient obstructions than does the clandestine production of chemical narcotics or heroin. # 8221 ; These factors make chemical arms come-at-able, non merely to well-funded terrorist groups, but besides to any dissatisfied ordinary individual. Another factor, which makes chemical arms such an appropriate, justifiable and effectual arm for a terrorist, is the mere terrific nature of their being. Ever since the first usage of chemical arms they have been criticized and ridiculed by civilians and soldiers likewise. They’ve been considered unconventional, barbarian, and even gruesome. These adjectives have besides been employed frequently when depicting terrorists. In general terrorists thrive off of the high â€Å"shock factor† of their activities. Therefore, the usage of chemical arms may â€Å"enhance† many terrorist groups’ images. The concluding advantage offered by chemical arms is their tremendous ability to bring down casualties. These arms are highly # 8220 ; cost effectual and 40 times more weight effectual than conventional explosive weapons. # 8221 ; The overall efficiency of a CW agent combined with all of the antecedently mentioned advantages make a scarily cheap, undetectable, and efficient ace arm. On the contrary, there may be serious disadvantages to the usage of chemical terrorist act. As with other signifiers of terrorist act, there are defects and pessimistic mentalities on the viability of its cause. Terrorists, irrespective of their methods, will meet some of these disadvantages, and most are alone to chemical arms. One of the major disadvantages of chemical arms includes their terrifying and deathly nature, which may counter-affect their cause. Because of serious injury inflicted, there may be an increased attempt in revenge from anti-terrorist forces. Some type of revenge can be expected from the victimized group. The badness of that victims # 8217 ; reaction depends on several factors. The first factor to see is who the victim is. For case, any terrorist activity in the United States is responded to with singular force and velocity, as was seen with the reaction to the bombardment of the World Trade Center. The same can be assumed in any major state. Besides the meth od of the onslaught will lend to a victim # 8217 ; s response. In general, the more terrible an onslaught is, the greater the opportunity the revenge might experience more powerful. However, in world, the overall impact of this revenge on the terrorist group is likely traveling to be about the same. Not merely must a terrorist group see the political disadvantages associated with the employment of chemical arms, but there are besides a few minor proficient jobs to get the better of. The most obvious of these proficient troubles is the method of obtaining the necessary chemical agents. This, nevertheless, is non every bit hard as it may look. One manner to get chemical arms is to fabricate them. As quoted earlier, little groups or persons often manufacture a assortment of narcotic substances in secret. These people easy get the better of troubles similar to those encountered in the fabrication of chemical arms. So, the reply to the inquiry, of whether or non the development of chemical arms is within a terrorist # 8217 ; s ability, is yes. Another manner for terrorist groups to acquire chemical arms would be to buy them abroad or on the black market. They can either be purchased from an illegal beginning, such as from a former Soviet province or from a sympathetic 3rd universe state. Since the decomposition of the former-Soviet Union, the black market for military goods has increased significantly. The Soviet Union had and its former democracies perchance still might hold a big reserve of chemical arms ( Russia has most of them though ) . As a consequence of illegal chemical buying, the media and public have besides overlooked the serious menace of chemical arms being sold. This is due mostly to the overmastering fright of the sale of atomic stuff or devices. Even a NATO functionaries proclaimed that he was # 8220 ; more concerned about chemical arms # 8221 ; falling into terrorist custodies. There is doubtless a existent menace of chemical gross revenues throughout the universe. National sympathisers who may back up the causes of terrorist act are normally the 1s who fund these # 8220 ; decease projects. # 8221 ; Illegal purchase is non the lone manner terrorists can get a chemical agent. Many industrial chemicals are closely related to chemical arms ; in fact several industrial chemicals were even employed as chemical arms during World War I. Chlorine and phosgene were both used extensively by both the German, British, and Gallic during the war. Although these substances are far less deadly than the nervus agents, they are quite common and have # 8220 ; many legitimate industrial applications. # 8221 ; Even more terrorization is the fact that full categories of industrial chemicals are of a extremely toxic composing. These are the organophosphates ; in fact this is besides the category of chemical to which GB ( GB ) and VX belong. These chemicals are normally used as insect powders and include parathion, an insect powder ill-famed for the menace it poses to those who use it. However, The deadly doses for the industrial chemicals of this category are in by and large ten to fifty times highe r than those of the military agents. Once a terrorist group has decided to utilize chemical arms and has obtained them, the concluding obstruction is to efficaciously utilize them without doing injury to themselves. This is simply an technology effort, which would present small problem to most of the terrorist groups at their current engineering degree. A authorities survey even reported that # 8220 ; the degree of technological edification required [ for effectual usage of chemical agents ] . . . may be lower than was the instance for some of the sophisticated bombs that have been used against civilian aircraft. # 8221 ; In this age of increasing instruction and dining engineering, it is much easier to happen the necessary proficient and mechanical aid for any undertaking, legal or otherwise. Now that the universe has progressed so far that mass devastation is within range of a far greater per centum of the population, the likelihood of an incident affecting arms of mass devastation, peculiarly chemical arms, is much greater. The future holds many developments in shop for the civilised universe, when it comes to terrorists and chemical arms. The menace is existent and lifelessly. Many events are taking topographic point, whether they be political or societal, which will lend to the spread of this chemical pestilence. This has caused concern throughout the universe. One concern respects chemical arms entirely. The development of binary arms and the farther proliferation of these arms to states sympathetic to terrorists may do a immense corrupt and dysfunctional planet. This was about the instance with the innovation of atomic arms. Another concern includes the nature and rapid development of terrorist act. Because of an addition in terrorist activity, and due to the crackdown by anti-terrorist forces on traditional methods, there has been a drastic addition in new warfare. The modern twenty-four hours terrorist is now susceptible to chemical warfare, as seen in the Tokyo metro incident. Recent events have made chemical arms even more desirable to a terrorist. The first is the development of the binary arm. This is a chemical arm in which the agent is stored as two precursor chemicals which merely nee vitamin D to be combined to organize the concluding lethal merchandise. This reduces the hazard that a terrorist must confront in the storaging and transit of their arms. It besides reduces the menace of inadvertent exposure upon dispersion of the agent. If the chemical device is engineered right, with some kind of clip hold, the terrorist could be long gone even before the deadly agent is made. Another concern about chemical terrorist act is the reasonably easy ability to distribute chemicals to 3rd universe states, which may, in bend, support terrorist. # 8220 ; Iran, Iraq, Libya, N. Korea and Syria all listed by the State Department as protagonists of terrorist act are believed to posses some capableness for chemical and biological warfare. # 8221 ; The Chemical Weapons Conference has reduced the proliferation of chemical arms and, in fact, made it illegal to develop and carry chemical arms. Although, the sum of chemical agent necessary for a terrorist operation would be highly hard to observe and can even be justified by claiming it as research stuff. Aum Shinrikyo provided a wake-up call about the demand to reevaluate where the existent security menaces lie in the new epoch. While the Congress # 8217 ; throughout the universe program to utilize one million millions of dollars for a # 8220 ; clang plan to support against sophisticated ballistic missiles, terrorist groups have chosen a more matter-of-fact game plan. # 8221 ; Aum Shinri Kyo took advantage of two facts. First of wholly, the expression for nervus gas and blister agents are good known. Second, the ingredients for these arms are readily available because they can be used to do legitimate mundane merchandises. These fortunes, which bring chemical arms good within the range of a terrorist group, besides make it really hard to command the proliferation of chemical arms. It is safe to now presume that there has been a breach in the unseeable barrier, which has kept terrorists from utilizing chemical arms in the yesteryear. The CIA has warned that if this barrier were breached by # 8220 ; one successful incident affecting such [ lethal ] agents [ it ] would significantly take down the threshold of restraint on their application by other terrorists # 8221 ; . This barrier was composed of fright and uncertainness. The terrorists were afraid of the effects of such a arm and the danger to themselves. Furthermore, they were unsure of the success of such an onslaught. Now, after the sarin onslaught in Japan in March of 1995, it is obvious how effectual a little sum of chemical agent is at binding down a metro system, wounding 1000s of people, and enraging people all over the universe. The menace was so existent. This basically opened the door to a whole new signifier of effectual and advantageous terrorist act. 32c

Pro Life And Pro Choice Essay Example For Students

Pro Life And Pro Choice Essay Abortion is a world-wide, controversial issue in our society today. Many people believe that abortion is the choice of the woman and that it should remain legal, these people are Pro-Choice protesters. While on the other hand, people who believe that abortion is murder and that it should be illegal in the United States are Pro-life protesters. Although they have similarities, the differences among Pro-life and Pro-choice are evident in the matters of religion, medical safety, the constitution, and adoption. Pro-life and Pro-choice both use religion as the foundation of their arguments. Pro-life uses religion to state that abortion is murder in the holy bible and therefore a sin .Thus, the women who commit this sin will be condemned to hell. While, Pro-choice argues that abortion isn’t murder since the fetus has not yet developed. Therefore, the mother didn’t kill anyone and won’t be punished by God. The Pro-life argument of religion states that all life has the right to live. Hence, abortion is used as one type of contraception, giving the child no chance at life. Against this, Pro-choice advocates believe that women have the right to decide. Catholics view abortion as â€Å"grave evil† while on the other hand, Islam views abortion as acceptable if the mother’s life is in immediate danger. An example of this danger could be if a woman is in fear of being killed due to her pregnancy or if a woman would not make it through labor. Islam’s view on rape is that the child shouldn’t be terminated just because of the mother’s situation so therefore, forgiveness over abortions due to rape is denied. This symbolizes the two groups; Pro-life and pro-choice, because, most of the Pro-life group consists of Baptists and Catholics while Pro-choice c. . ve ideas behind declining abortion rates but, do not see eye to eye on how to result in lower percentages along with the different opinions on the relation between abortion and adoption. Abortion rates are higher than they have ever been with young women being in the top percentile of the population. Protesters view abortion and women’s right extremely differently resulting in two major sides, Pro-choice and Pro-life. Pro-choice believes that the women has the decision to terminate the pregnancy without committing a murder because, it considered just a fetus. Against this, Pro-life argues that abortion is never the answer and that it can always be avoided no matter the situation because, the child has a right to life and terminating it is a murder. Pro-life and Pro-choice display their argument by factors of religion, medical safety, the constitution and adoption.